The decline of American Catholicism?

I have a post up at ScienceBlogs noting the erosion in numbers among American Catholics part of a general shift away from institutional religion.

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One Against Five

I can’t believe I sat through this whole thing — it’s two hours, and not really my cup of tea. Hitch is always entertaining, but there’s really nothing new here if you’ve read his books. Must have been a slow afternoon. I confess I got the clip from far-lefty science blogger P.Z. Myers.

It speaks well of Hitch that he’d go up against five, count ’em five, believers; though when you get into it you realize the competition wasn’t all that fierce, and Hitch has done enough of this stuff on his book tours he can pretty much phone it in.   Still, I though Hitch was nonplussed a couple of times. His best moment was in the question period at the end, when asked what he thought of believers who didn’t evangelize.

I found myself thinking (and not at all originally, of course) that the Afterlife business is a really big divider. If you can swallow that, the rest of religion goes down pretty easily; and if not, not.

Weird to see that one guy keep pounding on those Scholastic word-game arguments for the existence of God. Is that stuff still current in theology departments? I thought of young Bertie Russell in Trinity Lane, throwing his can of tobacco in the air and exclaiming: “Great God in boots! — the ontological argument is sound!” He’d just been converted (though very temporarily) to Hegelianism … yet this guy says Hegel never put forward an ontological argument.

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Which is more scientific, economics or sociology?

Depends on your politics apparently.

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Godless liberals & religious conservatives, the numbers recapped

I’ve presented this data before, but I thought a review would be nice to get into the record. AllahPundit and Ace have both linked to Heather’s post on David Brooks & the New Atheist. Ace notes:

This gets at something I think is important: I believe that evangelical atheists like Bill Maher are more obsessed with religion than the Pope because they believe that if people simply reject God, they’ll automatically agree with Maher’s libertine liberal take on the world.

They won’t. Religion is often associated with traditional values, but it is not always the cause of them. There is a religious left which, I’m sure, is quite serious about its religious beliefs, and yet champions a liberal values system more in line with Bill Maher’s preferred politics.

On the other hand there are atheists like Allah and agnostics like myself who nevertheless are mostly traditionalists. Despite Bill Maher’s desperate belief, a lack of affirmative faith in God has not made us good little liberals.

Below the fold I’ve reproduced the GSS data comparing belief in God & political orientation. The red shading indicates overrepresentation in a cell, while the blue the inverse. As you can see, the more secular you are the more liberal you are, but most secular people are not liberal. Similarly, liberals tend to be more secular, but most liberals are not secular.
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One Cheer for David Brooks

Heather:  Thus spurred, I took another look at Brooks’ column. The dubious stuff is down towards the end.

The rise and now dominance of this emotional approach to morality … challenges the new atheists, who see themselves involved in a war of reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and in the purity of their own reasoning.

That is just really bad writing — though of the kind that anyone who writes much for a living commits once in a while. He seems to mean that the New Atheists are trying to put morality on a rational basis — a sort of “moral calculus” in the style of Leibnitz (? was it Leibnitz? I can never keep my philosophers straight). That’s not what they’re up to at all, though. Their objection to religion is not so much rational as empirical. And Brooks seems not to grasp that you can reason about emotions …

The New Atheists are “challenged” by current human-nature studies, but only because they are all lefties, yoked to the “blank slate”  model of human personality and the Boasian “psychic unity of mankind” anthropological framework. They are not challenged in their atheism, only in their leftism. The political Left is all about social engineering; and the results coming out of the human sciences tell us that social engineering is mostly futile.

Brooks again:

Finally, it should also challenge the very scientists who study morality. They’re good at explaining how people make judgments about harm and fairness, but they still struggle to explain the feelings of awe, transcendence, patriotism, joy and self-sacrifice, which are not ancillary to most people’s moral experiences, but central. The evolutionary approach also leads many scientists to neglect the concept of individual responsibility and makes it hard for them to appreciate that most people struggle toward goodness, not as a means, but as an end in itself.

Why would the evolutionary approach make it “hard to appreciate” that “most people struggle toward goodness”? If goodness — restraint, respect, self-cultivation, etc. — is what makes social life work, natural selection will take care of seeing that most of us strive towards goodness as an end. That’s our social nature, part of our human nature. It is perfectly consonant with the evolutionary approach. Likewise with the emotions he’s talking about there. It’s no more surprising that moral behavior brings forth happy feelings than it is that sexual intercourse does so. They both keep the species going.

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Two Cheers for David Brooks

Heather:

I must say, I think you were a bit unkind to David Brooks there. I speak as someone with mixed feelings about Brooks, who, when he departs from what he’s really good at — observational sociology — usually fails to impress. See me on Brooks here, for example.

I think Brooks has grasped that what’s going on in the human sciences is hugely important, probably revolutionary, and he wants to write and talk about it; but he doesn’t want to step over any of the bright lines drawn around these topics by the politically correct intellectual establishment. He doesn’t want to be Larry Summersed or James Watsoned. In my opinion, the straddle he’s attempting is impossible & his venture into the human sciences will end with a wipe-out, but we’ll see.

In any case I’m glad to have a prominent general-interest columnist talking about human nature studies. Who knows? — perhaps he’ll find some way to bring the topic of human biodiversity into the domain of respectable discourse. That would be a step towards sane policies on, for example, immigration and education. But this is probably too much to hope for.

It’s nice that he’s discovered David Hume, though. (The original one, not our own learned list member.)

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Brooks bashes the “new atheists”

David Brooks argues that the view that moral decision-making results from an intuitive, pre-rational engagement with the world, rather than from logical deduction from a set of moral principles, is a  challenge to “the new atheists, who see themselves involved in a war of reason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and in the purity of their own reasoning.” 

With all respect to David Brooks, this claim, in an otherwise lucid column, strikes me as nonsensical.  The new atheists are arguing not against the view that morality is innate, but that it is the product of formal religious teaching.  It is the theistic and theocon worldview that is challenged by what Brooks calls the “evolutionary approach to morality,” not the skeptical one.  It is the theocons who assert that unless society and individuals are immersed in purported Holy Books, anarchy and depredation will rule the world. 

Skeptics respond that moral behavior is instinctual, that parents build on a child’s initial impulses of empathy and fairness and reinforce those impulses with habit and authority.   Religious ethical codes are an epiphenomenon of our moral sense, not vice versa.  The religionists say that morality is handed down from a deity above; secularists think that it, and indeed the very attributes of that deity himself, bubble up from below.  Children raised without belief in divine revelation can be as faithful to a society’s values as those who think that the Ten Commandments (at least those not concerned with religious prostration) originated with God.

 
As for non-believers’ purported faith “in the purity of their own reasoning,” I have no idea what Brooks is talking about.  The new atheists are not on an intellectual purity crusade; they see the whole of human thought as evidence of the richness of the human mind.  They embrace the gorgeousness and grandeur of music, art, and literature as a source of meaning and wisdom.

Brooks appears to want to unite neuroscience and evolutionary psychology with staunch support of religion as a precondition to decent society.  I’m not sure that this balancing act will hold, but we’ll have to wait and see. 

The Templeton Foundation discussion that spurred Brooks’s column is here.  Readers can judge for themselves whether secularists should feel rebuked by its contents.

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Biblical literalism correlates with thinking extramarital sex is wrong

The Audacious Epigone has a post up where the title says it all, Extramarital sex wrong? Gays and supporters of same sex marriage less likely to think so. But I was curious how MARHOMO, attitudes toward gay marriage, stacked up against other independent variables in relation to XMARSEX, attitudes toward extramarital sex. Here is what XMARSEX is representing:

What is your opinion about a married person having sexual relations with someone other than the marriage partner?

1 – ALWAYS WRONG
2 – ALMOST ALWAYS WRONG
3 – SOMETIMES WRONG
4 – NOT WRONG AT ALL

Here’s the logit regression from the GSS:

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UN-free Speech

The resolution recently passed by the UN’s entertaingly mis-labeled Human Rights Council on the topic of “religious defamation” is, of course, nonsense and dangerous nonsense at that. The Economist does a good job here  of explaining why, but one particular point cannot be emphasized enough:

The [UN] resolution says “defamation of religions” is a “serious affront to human dignity” which can “restrict the freedom” of those who are defamed, and may also lead to the incitement of violence. But there is an insidious blurring of categories here, which becomes plain when you compare this resolution with the more rigorous language of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted in 1948 in a spirit of revulsion over the evils of fascism. This asserts the right of human beings in ways that are now entrenched in the theory and (most of the time) the practice of liberal democracy. It upholds the right of people to live in freedom from persecution and arbitrary arrest; to hold any faith or none; to change religion; and to enjoy freedom of expression, which by any fair definition includes freedom to agree or disagree with the tenets of any religion. In other words, it protects individuals—not religions, or any other set of beliefs. And this is a vital distinction. For it is not possible systematically to protect religions or their followers from offence without infringing the right of individuals.

No it’s not. And nor should governments (let alone the ‘international community’) even try to do so.

It’s certainly to be hoped that (at least when it is deserved) some degree of good manners be shown when discussing matters of religion, but the essence of good manners are that they are voluntary. The increasing effort by some groups (and Islamists are not the only ones to blame in this respect) to pressure governments to legislate in defense of  those groups’ ‘rights’ not to be ‘offended’ at affronts to their particular versions of the sacred is a cancer eating away at the principle of free speech, a cancer that is, quite clearly, metastasizing fast.

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Harvard Muslim chaplain on the wisdom of killing apostates

Talk Islam points me to a controversy over the Muslim chaplain at Harvard, Taha Abdul-Basser, expressing a moderate viewpoint when it comes to killing apostates. Moderate insofar as he admits to the wisdom of killing apostates! Here is the comment from the listserv:

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