Lexington, Concord Fought In Vain

Andrew:

The fame of C.S. Lewis’s “trilemma” argument has always been deeply baffling to me. The normal reaction of a thoughtful person (me, Martin Gardner, Richard Dawkins) on first hearing it is: Why couldn’t Jesus just have been mistaken? People mistakenly believe all sorts of wacky things; and the notion that one might be divine was a lot less wacky in 1st-century Palestine than it would be in 21st-century Manhattan. It is after all a tenet of most religions that every one of us is to some degree divine.

Yet this (it seems to me) trivial piece of illogic is mightily famous. Google turned up “about 11,200 results” — admittedly less famous than Pauli’s Exclusion Principle (91,900 results) but nearly twice as famous as the Ragsdale Conjecture (6,090 results). The defenses of it, which form a good portion of that 11,200, are logic-free, so far as I could be bothered to look.

The other thing that baffles me about ol’ C.S. is that he has been so enthusiastically embraced by American Christians. I recall reading that there is a church somewhere in the Republic with a Lewis-themed stained-glass window.  The dotty-Anglican type is perfectly familiar to anyone raised in England, but I’m surprised it travels so well, or least has in Lewis’s case.  If Americans will swallow this, what possible objection can they have to Marmite?

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On The Run

Cross-posted over at the Corner.

Writing in the Guardian Nick Cohen puts the terrible killings in Pakistan into wider context:

One Pakistani journalist I spoke to described his fellow liberals as members of a persecuted minority, who now knew that if they spoke out, they would be shot down. Salmaan Taseer’s daughter, Shehrbano, wrote a heartbreaking piece for the Guardian in which she despaired of a “spineless” Pakistani elite that was too frightened to praise her father or condemn his murderers…

…Fear plays its part in keeping western opinion quiet as well. It is hard to credit, but liberal society responded pretty well to the threat to Rushdie in 1989. Penguin refused to withdraw the Satanic Verses. Booksellers ignored threats and bombs and carried on selling it. But once the global wave of terror had passed, no one wanted to put themselves through what Rushdie and Penguin had been through, and a silence descended. Even the supposedly militant “new atheists,” whom genteel commentators damn for their vulgarity, steer clear of religions that might kill them. Close readers of Richard Dawkins will notice that almost all his examples of clerical folly are drawn from the Catholic and American evangelical churches, whose congregations are unlikely to firebomb his publishers…

…The world may pay a price for the monumental blunder of treating religious ideologies – which are beliefs that men and women ought to be free to accept or reject – as if they were ethnicities, which no man or woman can change. Not the smallest reason why the Arab revolution is such an optimistic event is that al-Qaida and the Muslim Brotherhood have been left as gawping bystanders. Their isolation cannot last. Eventually, if Arab states move towards democracy, there will be a confrontation with political Islam. Arab liberals, like Pakistani liberals, will search the net for guidance. They will discover that far from offering strategies that might help, timorous western liberals have convinced themselves that it is “racist” to criticise raging fanatics who no longer even bother to pretend that they are anything other than liberalism’s mortal enemies.

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Reading the Bible (or not)

Reviewing a new book on the Bible for the New Republic, Adam Kirsch notes this:

While there is no denying that the Bible remains central—Beal quotes polls indicating that “65 percent of all Americans believe that the Bible ‘answers all or most of the basic questions of life,’ ”—he notes simultaneously that Americans are surprisingly ignorant of what is actually in it. “More than 80 percent of born-again or evangelical Christians believe that ‘God helps those who help themselves’ is a Bible verse,” he writes. Less than half of all adults can name the four Gospels; only one-third can name five of the Ten Commandments. In his own experience as a college teacher, Beal says, students “come to class on the first day with more ideas about the Bible derived from … The Da Vinci Code than from actual Biblical texts.”

Andrew Sullivan weighs in:

Count me unsurprised. Christianism is not Christianity; it’s a rationalization of a certain culture and politics.

Well, I’m not surprised either, but I am reassured. Ignorance is never to be celebrated, but in this case it beats the most likely alternative for many of the Bible’s would-be readers; the dreary and obsessive rote-learning, study and purported follow-to-the letter of sacred text that is a characteristic of, say, much of Islam and certain strains of Judaism.

The Bible certainly has its moments, but the West has benefited immensely from the way that Christianity has broken free from its ancient founding text into something infinitely more fluid, flexible and syncretic. If evangelical Christians wish to believe that ‘God helps those who help themselves’ is a Bible verse that is, I think, far from a tragedy.

It sure beats that whole ‘lilies in the field’ thing.

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Mere

Much as I enjoyed the Narnia books as a child, I’ve never got the whole C.S. Lewis thing and I don’t intend to start trying now. Writing in the New York Times Mark Oppenheimer looks at the Lewis phenomenon and, reasonably enough, quotes one of Lewis’ more well-known arguments for the divinity of Christ:

In “Mere Christianity,” Lewis writes of Jesus: “I am trying here to prevent anyone saying the really foolish thing that people often say about Him: ‘I’m ready to accept Jesus as a great moral teacher, but I don’t accept His claim to be God.’ That is the one thing we must not say. A man who was merely a man and said the sort of things Jesus said would not be a great moral teacher. He would either be a lunatic — on a level with the man who says he is a poached egg — or else he would be the Devil of Hell.”

Mr. Oppenheimer notes this:

This famous passage does not, on a second read, make much sense. After all, could not a great moral teacher have messianic delusions? But on a first read, it is quite persuasive, and classic Lewis. It is clear, confident and a bit humorous, and it offers a stark choice as it firmly suggests the right answer.

Fair enough, but it has always struck me (and I’m sure I’m not the first to think so) that Lewis’ argument (at least the extract quoted here) also sidesteps the rather important question as to whether the writers of the Gospels offer an accurate account of what it was that Jesus may have actually said. Was the claim to divinity His or theirs?

No way of telling, I suppose.

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Birth Control and the Prevention of Abortion

Wherever you stand on the abortion debate, the idea that access to contraception does not reduce the number of abortions ought to seem, to say the least, counter-intuitive, yet that’s what Kirsten Powers ends up arguing in this Daily Beast piece. Here’s an extract:

A January 2011 fact sheet by the pro-abortion rights Guttmacher Institute listed all the reasons that women who have had an abortion give for their unexpected pregnancy, and not one of them is lack of access to contraception. In fact, 54 percent of women who had abortions had used a contraceptive method, if incorrectly, in the month they got pregnant. For the 46 percent who had not used contraception, 33 percent had perceived themselves to be at low risk for pregnancy; 32 percent had had concerns about contraceptive methods; 26 percent had had unexpected sex, and 1 percent had been forced to have sex. Not one fraction of 1 percent said they got pregnant because they lacked access to contraception. Some described having unexpected sex, but all that can be said about them is that they are irresponsible, not that they felt they lacked access to contraception.

Writing over at Big Think, Lindsay Beyerstein queries the “not one fraction of one percent” number (the original 2001 study gives a figure of 12 percent) and then stresses a bigger problem on using this data in the way that Ms. Powers is doing:

If you only look at women seeking abortions, you’re only going to see cases in which contraception failed, or wasn’t used. If you want to measure the power of prevention, you have to look at the millions of sexually active people who use birth control and don’t get pregnant.

Indeed you do.

If you want a rough analogy to this, take a look at the anti-Second Amendment crowd. In attacking the menace that guns supposedly pose to their owners, they tend to stress what happens after the gun is fired, a point when matters have by definition already turned very dangerous. The numerous occasions when the weapon has worked as a successful deterrent without ever being fired tend not to be mentioned…inconvenient truths and all that.

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Muslim denial about what being Muslim is about

A big issue that we have in the “public discourse” today is that we allow Muslims to talk about their religion in a way that we (“we” here meaning the mainstream) would not tolerate from white evangelical Christians (though we do tolerate this sort of talk from black Christians). Yesterday the Christian minority minister in Pakistan was assassinated. Today, in The Washington PostEboo Patel responds:

This morning, Shahbaz Bhatti, minister of minorities and the sole Christian in the Pakistani government, was shot to death. Mr. Bhatti had recently campaigned to reform a blasphemy law in Pakistan which calls for the death of those who speak against the Prophet Muhammad.

Undoubtedly, some will say this is Islam. It’s not. It’s murder. Plain and simple.

The Prophet Muhammad made it a clear priority that people of other faiths and traditions would feel safe around him and his companions.

Through history, Muslims have followed this tradition of protecting those from other faiths and backgrounds.

Ali, the 4th Caliph of Islam and the first Shia Imam, famously wrote a letter to his governor in Egypt reminding him that the population there was made up of those who were his brothers in faith or his equals in creation, and they should all be treated accordingly.

The Prophet made it clear that people of other faiths and traditions ought to feel safe around Muslims, and that it was a Muslim duty to protect others as they would one another.

It is staggering to see extremists who call themselves Muslims brazenly defy this very clear tradition of the Prophet they claim to follow.

Let’s ignore the blatant whitewashing of what being dhimmi under Muslim “protection” entailed. The teachings of Muhammad are irrelevant. Many of us think that the Muslim religion, like all religions, is a human fiction. Those of us who are not Muslim, the majority of his audience, think that the religion is false in most of its premises. Islam is what most Muslims believe, say, and do. Eboo Patel is not the Muslim pope who can adjudicate this. The fact is that the majority of Pakistani Muslims seem to support, or do not object to, these actions against dissenters from the theocratic consensus. Are they all then not Muslims? The word “Muslim” loses all meaning if that is so.

I don’t care about the “real Islam,” or what “Islam teaches.” All I care is that Muslims stop engaging in active persecution of non-Muslims. All I care is that Muslims march out into the streets and take back their public spaces in nations where they are the majority from the thugs. I’m not holding my breath. Though I’ll take notice when Eboo Patel and his acolytes of the true tolerant Islam go to Muslim majority nations and make clear to them the error of their ways….

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The law of Arab averages

We’ve seen the secular face of the revolutions so far (though if the Bahrain popular revolt succeeds I can’t see how it wouldn’t be more religiously inflected), but how long was this going to last? Yemen, the most backward of Arab nations, seems most likely to break the string. Powerful Cleric Joins Protest to Urge Islamic Rule in Yemen:

The cleric, Sheik Abdul Majid al-Zindani, has been on the United States Treasury Department’s list of “specially designated global terrorists” since 2004, suspected of fund-raising for Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups. His call was a marked contrast to the message of the rebellions that brought down the leaders of Tunisia and Egypt and now threaten the rulers of Libya, Bahrain, Oman and, to this point, Yemen, where uprisings have been seen as secular and inspired by democratic goals.

In the past, he has publicly opposed terrorism, if not jihad, or holy war, and his word as a spiritual leader carries considerable political and moral weight in Yemen.

Of course, it isn’t as if Yemen is Tunisia anyhow. So it wouldn’t be much of a change. Probably more a shift from pro-American theocratic society (like Saudi Arabia) to an anti-American one (like Iran).

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Queens, consorts, etc.

Queen Rania of Jordan

A recent criticism in The Atlantic of a glowing portrait in Vogue of the wife of the dictator of Syria made me wonder about something which has sometimes crossed my mind. First, as an aside I have to say that the author of The Atlantic piece seems a bit ignorant when he wonders suspiciously about the emphasis on the Christophilia of the dictator of Syria and his wife. Syria is ruled by the Assads and their hangers on, and this is an Alawi clique, a heterodox sect whose Islamic status has traditionally been in doubt, and which integrates many practices and beliefs from Christianity. Since the 1960s the Assad family has been reorienting the Alawi identity to a more conventionally Muslim one (all the better to rule a Sunni majority nation), even getting an acknowledgement of Shia orthodoxy for the Alawi from a Lebanese mullah in the 1970s, solidified by the regime’s explicit alliance with Iran. But all this recent flight to Islamic orientation does not erase the reality that the Alawi do clearly have deep affinities with Christian practices and beliefs which would be surprising for Muslims (they almost certainly come out of a Jacobite milieu). No doubt the Assads played up this for the Vogue profile, but it likely taps into a deep root of tradition within the dicator’s family which need not be feigned, and would be atypical for Middle Eastern Muslims. I think that needs to be entered into the record, as it softens the certain attempt to manipulate and makes a touch less crass.

But that’s not the point of my past. Asma Assad is shown with her hair uncovered. This is the norm for her. Though we are always told about the growing trend toward modest of dress in the Middle East, I’ve always been struck by the fact that many elite women look conventionally Western. I recall for example Queen Rania of Jordan, who not only uncovers her hair, but regularly wears skirts which show her legs. But she’s not the only one. Below are some screen shots of google images which come up for the wives of heads of state of Middle Eastern nations. For some nations, such as Saudi Arabia and Yemen, a few minutes of searching yielded no photos or images of wives. The Sultan of Oman is long divorced, so that’s not an option. Below are the sets of pictures….

Continue reading

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Familiarity in Europe

Swedes Begin to Question Liberal Migration Tenets:

But increasingly, Swedes are questioning these policies. Last fall, the far-right party — campaigning largely on an anti-immigration theme — won 6 percent of the vote and, for the first time, enough support to be seated in the Swedish Parliament.

But researchers have found that immigrants do face discrimination in jobs and housing. Malmo’s mayor, Mr. Reepalu, believes jobs and schooling are critical, though he notes with disappointment that as soon as a school has more than about 20 percent immigrants, Swedish parents take their children out.

I doubt the parents pulling their kids out of school can be attributed just to the 6 percent who voted for the right-wing party. Revealed preferences versus avowed I suppose….

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Not A Good Sign

Cross-posted over at the Corner.

Via AFP:

Google executive Wael Ghonim, who emerged as a leading voice in Egypt’s uprising, was barred from the stage in Tahrir Square on Friday by security guards, an AFP photographer said. Ghonim tried to take the stage in Tahrir, the epicentre of anti-regime protests that toppled President Hosni Mubarak, but men who appeared to be guarding influential Muslim cleric Yusuf al-Qaradawi barred him from doing so.

Ghonim, who was angered by the episode, then left the square with his face hidden by an Egyptian flag.

One incident, one report, nevertheless…

H/t: legal insurrection

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